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HTML - Frames

 

Introduction to Frames

You can display multiple HTML pages in different areas at once. These areas are called frames.

Frames are not found in the specifications of HTML 3.x, so the Document Type Declaration must show the page as having been written in HTML 4.0.

Creating Frames

To create a website containing frames, create a frame layout file. This HTML file is special in that it uses the <FRAMESET> tag instead of the <BODY> tag. <FRAMESET> is the tag which defines frame sizes by their dimensions, in pixels or as a percentage (%).

Here are three examples:

  • 2 vertical frames
  • 2 horizontal frames
  • 1 vertical and 2 horizontal frames

Example #1

<FRAMESET COLS="20%,
80%">

<FRAME SRC="frame1.htm" NAME="left">

<FRAME SRC="frame2.htm" NAME="right">

</FRAMESET>

Example #2

<FRAMESET ROWS="20%,
80%">


<FRAME SRC="frame1.htm" NAME="left">


<FRAME SRC="frame2.htm" NAME="right">


</FRAMESET>

Example #3

<FRAMESET COLS="20%,
80%"> 

<FRAME SRC="frame1.htm" NAME="left">

<FRAMESET ROWS="50%, 50%">

<FRAME SRC="frame2.htm"
	  NAME="upper_right">

<FRAME SRC="frame3.htm"
	  NAME="lower_right">

</FRAMESET>

Attributes of the <FRAMESET> Tag

Attribute Value Action
Rows percentage (between 1 and 100)
value in pixels
By setting only one of the values and giving the other the value *, the value adjusts automatically.		 Horizontal frame
Cols percentage in pixels
By setting only one of the values and giving the other the value *, the value adjusts automatically.		 Vertical frame
Frameborder YES
NO		 Indicates whether or not the frame has a border
Border=n n is a value which defines the size of the border Indicates the size of the border
BorderColor Name of the colour
Hexadecimal value of the colour		 Indicates the border's colour
Framespacing=n n is a value which defines the space between the frames Indicates the space between the frames

Attributes of the <FRAMESET> Tag

The <FRAME> tag is used to define one or several frames within the <FRAMESET> tag

Attribute Value Action
Src URL Defines where in the page to display the frame
NAME "Name" Defines a name which will allow another document to be displayed in the frame, using the Target attribute
Marginwidth=n n is an integer specifying the number of pixels Size of side margins
Marginheight=n n is an integer specifying the number of pixels Size of top and bottom margins
Frameborder YES
NO		 Determining whether or not the frames will have a border
Border=n n is an integer specifying the number of pixels Size of the space between the frames (for Netscape only)
Noresize (None) Forbids the user from resizing the frames (Not the default value)
Scrolling YES
NO
AUTO		 Enables or disables the scrollbar (Auto lets the browser decide if it's needed)

How can you avoid errors arising from non-compatible browsers?

The <NOFRAMES> and </NOFRAMES> tags are used to specify which HTML text to display if the browser does not have frames enabled. The text between the <NOFRAMES> and </NOFRAMES> tags must therefore contain the <BODY> ... </BODY> tags.

Example:

<FRAMESET COLS="20%,
80%">

<FRAME SRC="frame1.htm" NAME="left">

<FRAME SRC="frame2.htm" NAME="right">

</FRAMESET>

<NOFRAMES>
<BODY>
This HTML requires a browser that supports frames.
We apologise for the inconvenience.
</BODY>
</NOFRAMES>

Designating a frame with a hyperlink

To display links in one or more frames, use the TARGET attribute in the <A HREF ..> tag to specify the name of the frame (as given by the NAME attribute in the <FRAME> tag) in which the link's target will be shown.

For example: 

<A HREF="page.htm" TARGET="left">

Value Action
_self Displays the target in the same frame as the link
_parent Displays the target in the next-highest-level frame
_blank Displays the target in a new window
_top Displays the target in the whole browser window

This document entitled « HTML - Frames » from Kioskea (en.kioskea.net) is made available under the Creative Commons license. You can copy, modify copies of this page, under the conditions stipulated by the licence, as this note appears clearly.
 
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