Introduction to peer-to-peer architecture

In contrast to client-server networks, there is no dedicated server in peer-to-peer architecture. Thus each computer in such a network is part server and part client. This means that each computer on the network is free to share its own resources. A computer which is connected to a printer may even share the printer so that all other computers may access it over the network.

Disadvantages of peer-to-peer networks

Peer-to-peer networks have many disadvantages:

• the system is not centralised, making administration difficult
• lack of security
• no computer in the network is reliable

Advantages of peer-to-peer architecture

Nonetheless, peer-to-peer architecture does have several advantages:

• lower cost (the costs involved in such a network are hardware, cabling and maintenance)
• foolproof simplicity

Installing a peer-to-peer network

Peer-to-peer networks do not require the same levels of performance and security as dedicated server networks. Therefore use Windows NT Workstation, Windows for Workgroups or Windows 95 can all be used, as these operating systems contain all the functionalities required for a peer-to-peer network.

Setting up such a network involves standard procedures:

• Place a computer at each user's desk
• Each user is his/her own administrator and sets his/her own security
• Users connect with simple and straightforward cabling

• Less than 10 users
• All users are located in the same geographic area
• Security is not critical
• There are no major expansion plans for either the company or the network in the near future

Administering a peer-to-peer network

The peer-to-peer network suits the needs of a small company but may be inadequate for certain environments. The following administration-related issues should be addressed prior to choosing a type of network:

• User management and security management
• Making resources available
• Maintenance of applications and data
• Installation and upgrading user applications

Security concepts

Minimal security policy involves password-protecting a resource. Peer-to-peer network users set their own security, and as all shared files may be found on all computers, it is difficult to control things centrally. This also poses a problem for global network security, as some users do not secure their resources at all.

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